Federal Law No. (10) of 1992 On Evidence in Civil and Commercial Transactions

• Table of Contents

  • Introduction
  • Admissibility of Evidence in Civil and Commercial Transactions
  • Burden of Proof under Federal Law No. (10) of 1992
  • Types of Evidence Recognized in Civil and Commercial Cases
  • Rules for Presenting Evidence in Court
  • Presumptions and Inferences in Civil and Commercial Transactions
  • Witness Testimony and Expert Evidence
  • Documentary Evidence Requirements
  • Electronic Evidence in Civil and Commercial Cases
  • Consequences of Failing to Produce Evidence
  • Challenges to Evidence Admissibility in Court
  • Q&A
  • Conclusion

“Ensuring justice through reliable evidence.”

Introduction

Federal Law No. (10) of 1992 On Evidence in Civil and Commercial Transactions is a legislation in the United Arab Emirates that governs the rules and procedures related to evidence in civil and commercial disputes. This law outlines the types of evidence that are admissible in court, the burden of proof, and the standards for evaluating evidence in legal proceedings. It aims to ensure fairness and justice in resolving disputes between parties in civil and commercial transactions.

Admissibility of Evidence in Civil and Commercial Transactions

Federal Law No. (10) of 1992 On Evidence in Civil and Commercial Transactions is a crucial piece of legislation that governs the admissibility of evidence in civil and commercial cases in the United Arab Emirates. This law outlines the rules and procedures that must be followed when presenting evidence in court, ensuring that only reliable and relevant evidence is considered in legal proceedings.

One of the key principles outlined in Federal Law No. (10) of 1992 is the requirement for evidence to be admissible in court. This means that evidence must meet certain criteria in order to be considered by the judge when making a decision in a civil or commercial case. Admissible evidence is evidence that is relevant, reliable, and obtained legally.

Relevance is a crucial factor when determining the admissibility of evidence. Evidence must be directly related to the issues in dispute in the case in order to be considered admissible. For example, in a contract dispute, evidence of the parties’ negotiations and communications leading up to the signing of the contract would likely be considered relevant, while evidence of unrelated matters would not.

In addition to being relevant, evidence must also be reliable in order to be admissible. This means that the evidence must be trustworthy and accurate. Evidence that is unreliable, such as hearsay or evidence obtained through illegal means, is generally not admissible in court. The judge must be able to rely on the evidence presented to make an informed decision in the case.

Furthermore, evidence must be obtained legally in order to be admissible in court. This means that evidence obtained through illegal means, such as through coercion or bribery, is not admissible. The law prohibits the use of evidence that has been obtained in violation of the law, as this would undermine the integrity of the legal system.

It is important for parties to a civil or commercial case to understand the rules regarding the admissibility of evidence in order to present their case effectively in court. By following the guidelines set out in Federal Law No. (10) of 1992, parties can ensure that only relevant and reliable evidence is considered by the judge when making a decision in their case.

In conclusion, Federal Law No. (10) of 1992 On Evidence in Civil and Commercial Transactions plays a crucial role in governing the admissibility of evidence in legal proceedings in the United Arab Emirates. By ensuring that evidence is relevant, reliable, and obtained legally, this law helps to uphold the integrity of the legal system and ensure that justice is served in civil and commercial cases. Parties to a case must be aware of the rules regarding the admissibility of evidence in order to present their case effectively in court and achieve a fair outcome.

Burden of Proof under Federal Law No. (10) of 1992

Federal Law No. (10) of 1992 On Evidence in Civil and Commercial Transactions is a crucial piece of legislation that governs the burden of proof in legal proceedings in the United Arab Emirates. Understanding the burden of proof is essential for both plaintiffs and defendants in civil and commercial cases, as it determines who is responsible for presenting evidence to support their claims.

Under Federal Law No. (10) of 1992, the burden of proof is generally placed on the party making a claim. This means that the plaintiff in a civil or commercial case is responsible for providing evidence to support their allegations. The burden of proof is a fundamental principle of justice, as it ensures that parties cannot simply make baseless claims without any evidence to back them up.

In civil and commercial cases, the burden of proof is typically on the plaintiff to prove their case “on the balance of probabilities.” This means that the plaintiff must show that it is more likely than not that their version of events is true. The burden of proof is not as high as in criminal cases, where the prosecution must prove their case “beyond a reasonable doubt.”

If the plaintiff fails to meet the burden of proof, the court may dismiss the case or rule in favor of the defendant. In such cases, the defendant is not required to prove their innocence, as the burden of proof remains with the plaintiff throughout the proceedings. This principle ensures that parties are not unfairly burdened with proving a negative, which can be difficult or impossible in some cases.

In some situations, the burden of proof may shift from the plaintiff to the defendant. This can occur when the plaintiff has presented sufficient evidence to establish a prima facie case, shifting the burden to the defendant to rebut the evidence or provide a defense. The burden of proof may also shift in cases where the defendant raises a counterclaim or affirmative defense, requiring them to prove their own allegations.

Federal Law No. (10) of 1992 also provides for certain presumptions and rules regarding the burden of proof in specific situations. For example, the law may specify that certain facts are presumed to be true unless proven otherwise. These presumptions can help streamline legal proceedings and make it easier for parties to establish their cases.

It is important for parties involved in civil and commercial cases to understand the burden of proof and how it applies to their specific situation. Failing to meet the burden of proof can result in a case being dismissed or ruled against the party making the claim. Therefore, it is essential to gather and present evidence effectively to support one’s case and meet the burden of proof required by law.

In conclusion, Federal Law No. (10) of 1992 On Evidence in Civil and Commercial Transactions establishes the burden of proof in legal proceedings in the United Arab Emirates. Understanding the burden of proof is essential for parties involved in civil and commercial cases, as it determines who is responsible for presenting evidence to support their claims. By following the principles outlined in the law and presenting evidence effectively, parties can ensure that their cases are heard fairly and justly.

Types of Evidence Recognized in Civil and Commercial Cases

Federal Law No. (10) of 1992 On Evidence in Civil and Commercial Transactions is a crucial piece of legislation that governs the types of evidence that can be presented in civil and commercial cases in the United Arab Emirates. Understanding the different types of evidence recognized in these cases is essential for both legal professionals and individuals involved in such disputes.

One of the most common types of evidence in civil and commercial cases is documentary evidence. This includes written contracts, invoices, receipts, emails, and any other written documents that can support a party’s claim. Documentary evidence is often considered to be highly reliable, as it provides a clear record of the terms of an agreement or transaction.

In addition to documentary evidence, testimonial evidence is also recognized in civil and commercial cases. This type of evidence involves witness testimony, where individuals provide their account of events or transactions that are relevant to the case. Witness testimony can be crucial in establishing facts and proving a party’s case, especially when there is a lack of documentary evidence available.

Another important type of evidence in civil and commercial cases is physical evidence. This includes tangible objects or items that are relevant to the dispute, such as product samples, photographs, or other physical artifacts. Physical evidence can be used to demonstrate the condition of a product, the extent of damages, or any other relevant information that can support a party’s claim.

In addition to documentary, testimonial, and physical evidence, circumstantial evidence is also recognized in civil and commercial cases. Circumstantial evidence involves indirect evidence that can be used to infer certain facts or conclusions. This type of evidence can be particularly useful in cases where direct evidence is lacking, as it can help establish a party’s case through inference and deduction.

Expert evidence is another type of evidence that is recognized in civil and commercial cases. This involves the testimony of qualified experts in a particular field, such as forensic experts, financial analysts, or medical professionals. Expert evidence can be crucial in cases where specialized knowledge or expertise is required to understand complex issues or technical matters.

It is important to note that the admissibility of evidence in civil and commercial cases is subject to certain rules and procedures outlined in Federal Law No. (10) of 1992. For example, evidence must be relevant to the issues in dispute, reliable, and obtained legally in order to be admissible in court. Parties must also follow proper procedures for presenting and challenging evidence during the course of the litigation.

In conclusion, understanding the types of evidence recognized in civil and commercial cases is essential for navigating the legal system in the United Arab Emirates. Documentary, testimonial, physical, circumstantial, and expert evidence all play a crucial role in establishing facts, proving claims, and ultimately achieving a fair resolution in civil and commercial disputes. By familiarizing themselves with the types of evidence available and the rules governing their admissibility, parties can effectively present their case and protect their legal rights in court.

Rules for Presenting Evidence in Court

Federal Law No. (10) of 1992 On Evidence in Civil and Commercial Transactions is a crucial piece of legislation that governs the rules for presenting evidence in court. This law outlines the procedures and requirements for presenting evidence in civil and commercial cases, ensuring that justice is served and disputes are resolved fairly.

One of the key aspects of this law is the requirement for evidence to be presented in a clear and concise manner. This means that all evidence must be relevant to the case at hand and must be presented in a way that is easily understood by the court. This helps to ensure that the facts of the case are accurately presented and that the court can make an informed decision based on the evidence presented.

In addition to being clear and concise, evidence presented in court must also be credible and reliable. This means that all evidence must be obtained through legal means and must be supported by documentation or other forms of proof. This helps to prevent the presentation of false or misleading evidence and ensures that the court can rely on the evidence presented to make a fair and just decision.

Another important aspect of presenting evidence in court is the requirement for all parties to have the opportunity to examine and challenge the evidence presented. This helps to ensure that all parties have a fair chance to present their case and that the evidence presented is thoroughly scrutinized. This also helps to prevent the presentation of biased or one-sided evidence and ensures that the court can make a decision based on all the facts of the case.

Furthermore, Federal Law No. (10) of 1992 On Evidence in Civil and Commercial Transactions outlines the procedures for presenting different types of evidence in court. This includes rules for presenting documentary evidence, witness testimony, expert opinions, and other forms of evidence. By providing clear guidelines for presenting evidence, this law helps to ensure that all parties understand their rights and responsibilities when presenting evidence in court.

In conclusion, Federal Law No. (10) of 1992 On Evidence in Civil and Commercial Transactions is a vital piece of legislation that governs the rules for presenting evidence in court. By requiring evidence to be clear, concise, credible, and reliable, this law helps to ensure that justice is served and disputes are resolved fairly. By providing guidelines for presenting different types of evidence, this law helps to ensure that all parties have a fair chance to present their case and that the court can make an informed decision based on all the facts of the case. Overall, this law plays a crucial role in ensuring that the legal system operates effectively and that justice is served in civil and commercial cases.

Presumptions and Inferences in Civil and Commercial Transactions

Federal Law No. (10) of 1992 On Evidence in Civil and Commercial Transactions is a crucial piece of legislation that governs the rules and procedures surrounding evidence in civil and commercial cases in the United Arab Emirates. One important aspect of this law is the section on presumptions and inferences in civil and commercial transactions.

Presumptions play a significant role in the legal system, as they allow courts to make certain assumptions based on specific facts or evidence presented in a case. These presumptions can help streamline the legal process and make it easier for parties to prove their case. In civil and commercial transactions, presumptions can be particularly useful in cases where certain facts are difficult to prove or where there is a lack of evidence.

Under Federal Law No. (10) of 1992, there are several presumptions that apply in civil and commercial transactions. For example, the law presumes that a person is the owner of property if they have been in possession of it for a certain period of time. This presumption can be rebutted by evidence to the contrary, but it provides a starting point for determining ownership in cases where ownership is in dispute.

Another important presumption in civil and commercial transactions is the presumption of regularity. This presumption holds that official documents and records are presumed to be accurate and authentic unless proven otherwise. This can be particularly useful in cases where parties are relying on official documents to prove their case, as it can save time and resources by avoiding the need to authenticate every document presented in court.

In addition to presumptions, Federal Law No. (10) of 1992 also allows for the drawing of inferences in civil and commercial transactions. An inference is a logical conclusion drawn from the facts and evidence presented in a case. Inferences can be used to fill in gaps in the evidence or to make connections between different pieces of evidence.

For example, if a party presents evidence that a contract was signed by a certain individual, the court may infer that the individual intended to be bound by the terms of the contract. This inference can be crucial in cases where the party’s intent is in question, as it can help establish the party’s state of mind at the time the contract was signed.

Overall, the section on presumptions and inferences in civil and commercial transactions in Federal Law No. (10) of 1992 is designed to help parties prove their case and ensure that justice is served. By providing a framework for making assumptions and drawing logical conclusions from the evidence presented, the law helps to streamline the legal process and make it more efficient.

In conclusion, presumptions and inferences play a vital role in civil and commercial transactions, helping parties to prove their case and ensuring that justice is served. By providing a framework for making assumptions and drawing logical conclusions from the evidence presented, Federal Law No. (10) of 1992 helps to streamline the legal process and make it more efficient. It is essential for parties involved in civil and commercial transactions to understand these presumptions and inferences and how they can be used to their advantage in court.

Witness Testimony and Expert Evidence

Federal Law No. (10) of 1992 On Evidence in Civil and Commercial Transactions is a crucial piece of legislation that governs the rules and procedures surrounding evidence in legal proceedings in the United Arab Emirates. In this article, we will focus on the section of the law that pertains to witness testimony and expert evidence.

Witness testimony plays a vital role in the legal system, as it provides firsthand accounts of events or facts that are relevant to a case. According to Federal Law No. (10) of 1992, witness testimony must be given under oath, and witnesses are required to tell the truth to the best of their knowledge and belief. This requirement ensures that the information provided by witnesses is reliable and can be used as evidence in court.

In addition to witness testimony, expert evidence is also an important aspect of legal proceedings. Expert witnesses are individuals who possess specialized knowledge or skills in a particular field, and their testimony can help clarify complex issues or provide insight into technical matters. Under Federal Law No. (10) of 1992, expert evidence must be based on facts and must be relevant to the case at hand.

When presenting witness testimony or expert evidence in court, it is essential to follow certain procedures to ensure that the evidence is admissible. For example, witnesses must be properly identified and sworn in before giving their testimony, and expert witnesses must demonstrate their qualifications and expertise in the relevant field. Failure to adhere to these procedures could result in the evidence being deemed inadmissible by the court.

It is also important to note that witness testimony and expert evidence are subject to cross-examination by the opposing party. During cross-examination, the credibility and reliability of the evidence presented may be challenged, and witnesses or experts may be asked to provide further clarification or explanation. This process helps ensure that all relevant information is brought to light and that the truth is ultimately revealed.

In cases where witness testimony or expert evidence is disputed, the court has the authority to evaluate the evidence and determine its admissibility. The court may consider factors such as the credibility of the witnesses, the relevance of the evidence to the case, and any inconsistencies or contradictions in the testimony. Ultimately, the court’s decision on the admissibility of evidence can have a significant impact on the outcome of the case.

In conclusion, witness testimony and expert evidence are essential components of legal proceedings, and their proper presentation and evaluation are crucial to the administration of justice. Federal Law No. (10) of 1992 provides clear guidelines and procedures for the admission of witness testimony and expert evidence in civil and commercial transactions, ensuring that only reliable and relevant evidence is considered by the court. By following these guidelines and procedures, parties to a legal proceeding can help ensure that their evidence is given proper weight and consideration by the court, ultimately leading to a fair and just resolution of the case.

Documentary Evidence Requirements

Federal Law No. (10) of 1992 On Evidence in Civil and Commercial Transactions is a crucial piece of legislation that governs the rules and procedures surrounding the use of evidence in legal proceedings in the United Arab Emirates. One key aspect of this law is the requirements for documentary evidence, which play a vital role in establishing facts and proving claims in civil and commercial disputes.

Documentary evidence refers to any written or recorded material that is presented in court to support a party’s case. This can include contracts, invoices, emails, letters, reports, and any other written or recorded communication that is relevant to the dispute at hand. In order for documentary evidence to be admissible in court, it must meet certain requirements as set out in Federal Law No. (10) of 1992.

One of the primary requirements for documentary evidence is authenticity. This means that the document must be genuine and not forged or tampered with in any way. In order to establish the authenticity of a document, parties may need to provide additional evidence such as witness testimony or expert analysis. The court will carefully scrutinize the document to ensure that it has not been altered or manipulated in any way.

Another important requirement for documentary evidence is relevance. The document must be directly related to the issues in dispute and must have a bearing on the outcome of the case. Irrelevant documents will not be admitted as evidence and may be disregarded by the court. Parties must carefully select and present only those documents that are directly relevant to their case in order to strengthen their arguments.

In addition to authenticity and relevance, documentary evidence must also be clear and legible. Documents that are illegible or unclear may not be accepted by the court as evidence, as they may not accurately convey the information they are intended to represent. Parties should ensure that all documents are properly maintained and presented in a clear and organized manner to avoid any confusion or misinterpretation.

Furthermore, documentary evidence must be properly authenticated. This means that the document must be accompanied by a sworn statement or affidavit from the person who created or obtained the document, confirming its authenticity and accuracy. Without proper authentication, the document may not be considered admissible in court and may not carry any weight in the proceedings.

It is important for parties to carefully review and prepare their documentary evidence before presenting it in court. This includes organizing and categorizing the documents, ensuring their authenticity and relevance, and obtaining any necessary authentication or certification. By following these requirements and guidelines, parties can strengthen their case and increase the likelihood of a favorable outcome in their civil or commercial dispute.

In conclusion, Federal Law No. (10) of 1992 On Evidence in Civil and Commercial Transactions sets out strict requirements for documentary evidence in legal proceedings. Parties must ensure that their documentary evidence is authentic, relevant, clear, and properly authenticated in order for it to be admissible in court. By following these requirements and guidelines, parties can effectively present their case and support their claims with strong and reliable evidence.

Electronic Evidence in Civil and Commercial Cases

Federal Law No. (10) of 1992 On Evidence in Civil and Commercial Transactions is a crucial piece of legislation that governs the rules and procedures for presenting evidence in civil and commercial cases in the United Arab Emirates. In today’s digital age, the use of electronic evidence has become increasingly common in legal proceedings. This article will explore the provisions of the law relating to electronic evidence in civil and commercial cases.

Electronic evidence refers to any information or data that is stored or transmitted in electronic form. This can include emails, text messages, social media posts, digital photographs, and computer files. With the widespread use of technology in business transactions and communication, electronic evidence has become a valuable tool in resolving disputes and proving facts in court.

Under Federal Law No. (10) of 1992, electronic evidence is admissible in civil and commercial cases, provided that certain conditions are met. One of the key requirements is that the electronic evidence must be authentic and reliable. This means that the party seeking to introduce electronic evidence must be able to prove its integrity and accuracy.

In order to establish the authenticity of electronic evidence, the law requires that it be accompanied by a certificate issued by a competent authority. This certificate should confirm the origin, integrity, and accuracy of the electronic evidence. Additionally, the party seeking to introduce electronic evidence must be able to demonstrate that it has not been tampered with or altered in any way.

Another important consideration when presenting electronic evidence in court is the method of collection and preservation. The law stipulates that electronic evidence must be collected and preserved in a manner that maintains its integrity and prevents any tampering or manipulation. This may involve using specialized software or tools to capture and store the electronic data in a secure and verifiable manner.

Furthermore, the law requires that electronic evidence be presented in a format that is accessible and understandable to the court. This means that the party introducing electronic evidence must provide any necessary translations or explanations to ensure that the court can properly evaluate the evidence.

It is important to note that the admissibility of electronic evidence in civil and commercial cases is subject to the discretion of the judge. The judge will consider factors such as the relevance, reliability, and authenticity of the electronic evidence before deciding whether to admit it into the record.

In conclusion, Federal Law No. (10) of 1992 On Evidence in Civil and Commercial Transactions provides a framework for the use of electronic evidence in legal proceedings. By following the requirements set out in the law, parties can ensure that their electronic evidence is admissible and persuasive in court. As technology continues to advance, the use of electronic evidence will only become more prevalent in civil and commercial cases, making it essential for legal practitioners to understand and comply with the rules governing its use.

Consequences of Failing to Produce Evidence

Federal Law No. (10) of 1992 On Evidence in Civil and Commercial Transactions is a crucial piece of legislation that governs the rules and procedures surrounding the production and admissibility of evidence in legal proceedings in the United Arab Emirates. This law plays a vital role in ensuring that justice is served and that disputes are resolved fairly and efficiently.

One of the key provisions of this law relates to the consequences of failing to produce evidence in civil and commercial transactions. In legal proceedings, evidence is essential to proving or disproving a claim. Failure to produce evidence can have serious implications for the party that is unable to support their case with the necessary proof.

When a party fails to produce evidence in a civil or commercial case, the court may draw adverse inferences against that party. This means that the court may assume that the missing evidence would have been unfavorable to the party that failed to produce it. In other words, the court may infer that the party’s failure to produce evidence is an indication that they do not have a strong case.

Adverse inferences can have a significant impact on the outcome of a case. If a party is unable to produce crucial evidence to support their claim, the court may rule against them based on the available evidence. This can result in the party losing the case and being required to pay damages or other remedies to the opposing party.

In some cases, the consequences of failing to produce evidence can be even more severe. For example, if a party deliberately withholds or destroys evidence, the court may impose sanctions on that party. These sanctions can include fines, penalties, or even criminal charges in extreme cases.

It is important for parties involved in civil and commercial transactions to understand their obligations when it comes to producing evidence. Failure to comply with the rules and procedures set out in Federal Law No. (10) of 1992 can have serious consequences and can jeopardize the outcome of a case.

To avoid the negative consequences of failing to produce evidence, parties should take proactive steps to gather and preserve relevant evidence. This may involve collecting documents, photographs, witness statements, or other forms of evidence that support their case. Parties should also be prepared to present their evidence in a clear and organized manner during legal proceedings.

In conclusion, Federal Law No. (10) of 1992 On Evidence in Civil and Commercial Transactions is a critical piece of legislation that governs the production and admissibility of evidence in legal proceedings in the United Arab Emirates. Parties involved in civil and commercial transactions must understand their obligations when it comes to producing evidence and be aware of the potential consequences of failing to do so. By following the rules and procedures set out in the law, parties can ensure that their rights are protected and that justice is served in legal proceedings.

Challenges to Evidence Admissibility in Court

Federal Law No. (10) of 1992 On Evidence in Civil and Commercial Transactions is a crucial piece of legislation that governs the admissibility of evidence in court proceedings in the United Arab Emirates. The law sets out the rules and procedures for presenting evidence in civil and commercial cases, ensuring that only reliable and relevant evidence is considered by the courts. However, despite the clear guidelines provided by the law, challenges to the admissibility of evidence can still arise in court, leading to disputes and delays in the legal process.

One of the most common challenges to evidence admissibility in court is the issue of authenticity. In order for evidence to be admissible, it must be proven to be genuine and not tampered with or altered in any way. This can be particularly challenging when dealing with electronic evidence, such as emails or digital documents, which can be easily manipulated. In such cases, parties may dispute the authenticity of the evidence presented, leading to a need for additional verification and authentication procedures.

Another challenge to evidence admissibility in court is the issue of relevance. In order for evidence to be considered by the court, it must be directly related to the issues at hand in the case. This means that parties must carefully select and present evidence that is pertinent to the legal arguments being made. Failure to do so can result in objections from the opposing party and a ruling by the court to exclude the evidence from consideration.

Furthermore, challenges to evidence admissibility can also arise due to issues of hearsay. Hearsay evidence is generally not admissible in court, as it is considered to be unreliable and lacking in credibility. Hearsay evidence is defined as any statement made by a person outside of court that is offered in court to prove the truth of the matter asserted. Parties must be careful to ensure that the evidence they present is based on firsthand knowledge and not on hearsay, in order to avoid objections and challenges to its admissibility.

In addition to authenticity, relevance, and hearsay, challenges to evidence admissibility in court can also arise due to issues of privilege. Certain types of evidence, such as communications between lawyers and their clients, are protected by privilege and cannot be compelled to be disclosed in court. Parties must be aware of these privilege rules and ensure that they do not inadvertently disclose privileged information when presenting evidence in court.

Overall, while Federal Law No. (10) of 1992 provides a comprehensive framework for the admissibility of evidence in civil and commercial cases, challenges to evidence admissibility can still arise in court. Parties must be vigilant in ensuring that the evidence they present meets the requirements of authenticity, relevance, and credibility, in order to avoid objections and disputes. By understanding the rules and procedures set out in the law, parties can navigate these challenges effectively and present their case in a clear and persuasive manner.

Q&A

1. What is Federal Law No. (10) of 1992 On Evidence in Civil and Commercial Transactions?
– It is a law in the United Arab Emirates that governs the rules of evidence in civil and commercial transactions.

2. When was Federal Law No. (10) of 1992 enacted?
– It was enacted in 1992.

3. What does Federal Law No. (10) of 1992 cover?
– It covers the rules and procedures for presenting evidence in civil and commercial cases.

4. What is the purpose of Federal Law No. (10) of 1992?
– The purpose is to ensure fairness and justice in civil and commercial disputes by establishing clear rules for the presentation of evidence.

5. Who does Federal Law No. (10) of 1992 apply to?
– It applies to all civil and commercial transactions in the United Arab Emirates.

6. What are some of the key provisions of Federal Law No. (10) of 1992?
– Some key provisions include rules on burden of proof, admissibility of evidence, and the types of evidence that can be presented in court.

7. How does Federal Law No. (10) of 1992 define evidence?
– It defines evidence as any means by which a fact can be proven in court.

8. What are the consequences of failing to comply with the rules of evidence under Federal Law No. (10) of 1992?
– Failing to comply with the rules of evidence can result in the exclusion of evidence or the dismissal of a case.

9. Can parties in a civil or commercial case agree to waive the rules of evidence under Federal Law No. (10) of 1992?
– No, parties cannot waive the rules of evidence under this law.

10. How does Federal Law No. (10) of 1992 contribute to the legal system in the United Arab Emirates?
– It contributes to a fair and efficient legal system by providing clear guidelines for the presentation of evidence in civil and commercial cases.

Conclusion

Federal Law No. (10) of 1992 On Evidence in Civil and Commercial Transactions provides a comprehensive framework for the rules and procedures related to evidence in civil and commercial cases in the UAE. The law aims to ensure fairness and transparency in legal proceedings by establishing guidelines for the admissibility and evaluation of evidence. Overall, the law plays a crucial role in upholding the principles of justice and due process in the UAE’s legal system.